Introduction

Social engineering attacks exploit human psychology rather than technical vulnerabilities to gain unauthorized access to sensitive information. Cybercriminals manipulate individuals into revealing confidential data, granting access, or performing actions that compromise security. Understanding these tactics is crucial to prevent falling victim to such attacks.

Types of Social Engineering Attacks

1. Phishing

Phishing is the most common social engineering attack, where attackers send fraudulent emails, messages, or websites that appear legitimate to steal personal information like login credentials, credit card details, or other sensitive data.

💡 Example: A hacker impersonates a bank and sends an email asking you to verify your account by clicking a malicious link.

2. Pretexting

In pretexting, the attacker creates a fabricated scenario to trick the victim into providing confidential information. This may involve pretending to be a co-worker, IT support staff, or a government official.

💡 Example: An attacker calls an employee, claiming to be from the IT department, and requests login credentials for "security verification."

3. Baiting

Baiting involves offering something enticing to lure victims into a trap, such as downloading malware-infected files or plugging in compromised USB devices.

💡 Example: A hacker leaves a USB drive labeled "Company Salary Data" in a public area, hoping an employee will insert it into a computer.

4. Tailgating (Piggybacking)

Tailgating occurs when an unauthorized person gains physical access to restricted areas by following an authorized person.

💡 Example: An attacker pretends to be a delivery person and follows an employee into a secure office without authentication.

5. Spear Phishing

Spear phishing is a targeted attack that focuses on specific individuals or organizations. Unlike generic phishing, it involves personalized messages based on gathered information about the target.